Title : Strategies for activating biochar to enhance its adsorbent properties through process condition optimization
Abstract:
The growing demand for sustainable solutions in environmental remediation has brought biochar to the forefront as a versatile adsorbent. This study examines different activation techniques to improve biochar's adsorptive qualities, highlighting how process circumstances affect the material's structural and functional traits. Activation techniques and process conditions have a significant impact on its intrinsic adsorptive attributes. A variety of activation strategies were thoroughly examined, including chemical procedures utilising acids, bases, and salts as well as physical ones including steam and gas treatment. Process parameters like activation temperature, duration, and reagent concentration were optimized to maximize surface area, porosity, and the density of functional groups. The findings show that activation greatly increases the biochar's ability to adsorb contaminants in gaseous and aqueous conditions, including organic contaminants and heavy metals. The improvement of the microstructure and surface area of biochar was directly correlated with activation conditions. The study also shows how customized activation procedures can be used to produce adsorbents that are particular to a certain application, providing a sustainable substitute for conventional activated carbons. This study emphasizes how important activation techniques are to improving the functionality of biochar and supporting global efforts for waste valorization and environmental sustainability.
