Biocatalysis

The term "biocatalysis" describes the accelerating (catalysing) of chemical processes through the use of live (biological) systems or their components. Organic substances undergo chemical changes in biocatalytic processes thanks to natural catalysts like enzymes. For this purpose, enzymes that are still found inside living cells as well as enzymes that have been mostly separated are both used. It is now feasible to produce altered or artificial enzymes thanks to modern biotechnology, especially guided evolution. As a result, enzymes that can catalyse new small molecule transformations that could be challenging or impossible to accomplish using standard synthetic organic chemistry have been developed. Chemoenzymatic synthesis, which involves using naturally occurring or artificially altered enzymes to carry out organic synthesis, is known; chemoenzymatic reactions are the reactions that the enzyme carries out. Brewing predates written history, making biocatalysis the foundation for some of the earliest chemical changes known to humans. About 6000 years ago, the Sumerians are mentioned in the first accounts of brewing. For ages, numerous businesses have relied heavily on the use of enzymes and entire cells. The food and beverage industries, where the impacts of microorganisms on the manufacture of wine, beer, cheese, etc., have seen the most evident applications. Over the past 30 years, there has been a marked growth in the use of biocatalysis to manufacture fine chemicals, particularly for the pharmaceutical sector. Biocatalysis has been used to perform chemical transformations on synthetic organic molecules for more than 100 years.