Carbonylation

Because it is readily accessible and readily reactive, carbon monoxide is frequently utilised as a reactant in industrial chemistry. Protein side chain oxidation is referred to as carbonylation. One of the most significant types of transition-metal-catalyzed processes is carbonylation, which entails the incorporation of carbon monoxide into an organic molecule like an alcohol or an alkene. From a number of carbon sources, such as coal and natural gas, carbon monoxide is a very simple and inexpensive feedstock that may be produced by steam reforming or partial oxidation, which produces synthesis gas (syn-gas), a combination of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas. In several transition-metal complexes, carbon monoxide functions as a ligand by exploiting the carbon lone pair to create a dative OC-M bond and by acting as a potent-acceptor. Following coordination, these interactions cause the CO ligand to become activated, rendering it vulnerable to assault from outside nucleophiles as well as intramolecular ligand migration events.