Metal-Free Catalysts

The production of materials, the generation and storage of clean energy, as well as numerous other significant industrial processes, all rely heavily on the use of metals and metal oxides as catalysts. Metal-based catalysts, on the other hand, have negative effects on the environment, are expensive, have little selectivity, are not very durable, and are susceptible to gas poisoning. As an effective, affordable, metal-free substitute for platinum for oxygen reduction in fuel cells, a novel type of catalyst based on earth-abundant carbon compounds was identified in 2009. Carbon-based metal-free catalysts have been shown to be effective for an expanding variety of catalytic processes since then, thanks to the enormous progress that has been accomplished. In the fields of polymer and material sciences, novel polymerizations based on alkyne monomers are increasingly powerful tools for creating polymers with distinctive structures and cutting-edge functions, and in the recent decades have seen a rise in the number of novel polymerizations that scientists have been drawn to create. The influence of polymerization efficiencies and the performances of the resulting polymers are influenced by catalytic systems in this context.