Single-electron transfer is employed in the photoredox catalysis subfield of photochemistry. Transition-metal complexes, organic dyes, and semiconductors are the three main classes of materials used as photoredox catalysts. Soluble transition-metal complexes are more frequently used today, whereas organic photoredox catalysts dominated in the 1990s and the early 2000s. Sensitizers absorb light to create excited states that are redox-active. For many metal-based sensitizers, excitation is realised as a metal-to-ligand charge transfer, whereby an electron moves from the metal (for example, a d orbital) to an orbital localised on the ligands (for example, the * orbital of an aromatic ligand). Internal conversion, where energy is lost as vibrational energy rather than as electromagnetic radiation, causes the initial excited electronic state to relax to the lowest energy singlet excited state
Stanislaw Dzwigaj
Sorbonne University, France
Anne M Gaffney
University of South Carolina, United States
Victor Cerda
University of the Balearic Island, Spain
Marta I Litter
Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
Dae Dong Sung
Korea University Sejong Campus, Korea, Republic of
Enrico Paris
CREA-IT & DIAEE, Italy
Collin G Joseph
University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
Title : A desirable framework for establishing a resource circulation society
Dai Yeun Jeong, Jeju National University, Korea, Republic of
Title : Design of efficient and stable structured catalysts for biofuels transformation into syngas by using advanced technologies of nanocomposite active components synthesis, supporting on heat conducting substrates and sintering
Vladislav Sadykov, Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federation
Title : Effective B2O3 modified Ni/Al2O3 co precipitated catalysts for waste cooking oil transformation into green diesel
Eleana Kordouli, University of Patras, Greece
Title : Application of vanadium, tantalum and chromium single-site zeolites in heterogeneous catalysis
Stanislaw Dzwigaj, Sorbonne University, France
Title : Personalized and precision medicine (ppm) as a unique healthcare model through bi-odesign-inspired bio- and chemical engineering applications to secure the human healthcare and biosafety: Engineering of biocatalysts - from evolution to creation
Sergey Suchkov, N.D. Zelinskii Institute for Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
Title : Sonophotocatalysis in advanced oxidation process: A short review
Collin G Joseph, University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia