Catalytic Biodegradation

Toluene biodegradation is linked with manganese oxide catalytic membrane in a catalytic membrane biofilm reactor. Toluene breakdown might be aided by the addition of manganese oxide to a membrane biofilm reactor. XRD, Raman, XPS, and FT-IR were used to characterise manganese oxide catalysts. The existence of Mn defects, adsorbed oxygen species, and the oxygen vacancy, which strongly catalysed toluene on the Mn oxides covered membranes, were confirmed by the Raman and XPS spectra. The main microorganisms responsible for toluene breakdown were Pseudomonas, Hydrogenophaga, Flavobacterium, Bacillus, Clostridium, and Prosthecobacter. Toluene could be broken down by Mn oxides catalysis into intermediate molecules, which were then metabolised into CO2 and H2O in the biological phase. Toluene biodegradation in a catalytic membrane biofilm reactor using a manganese oxide catalytic membrane (CMBfR). Efficiency of toluene removal in CMBfR was up to 91% throughout the course of 200 days. Toluene breakdown may be accelerated by manganese oxide added to a membrane biofilm reactor. By using XRD, Raman, XPS, and FT-IR, manganese oxide catalysts were studied. Raman and XPS spectra confirmed the presence of Mn defects, adsorbed oxygen species, and the oxygen vacancy that strongly catalysed toluene on the Mn oxides covered membranes. An technique to waste management and energy recovery that shows promise is the catalytic conversion of used rubber and plastic into aromatic hydrocarbons. The most efficient substrate was BR, with a yield improvement of 2.4 over Zr/HY. A variety of waste polymers, including waste tyres (WT), polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), and BR, were subjected to catalytic pyrolysis to investigate the effects of polymer type on aromatic hydrocarbons generation.